Svalbard - 78 ° north
Had explorer and name giver Willem Barentsz sailed a little further into the fjords in 1596, he probably would have named the island "Platbergen” (Flat Land – the opposite of the current name). The archipelago was pushed up by the Greenland and European continental plates. By far most of Svalbard has remarkably flattened mountain peaks. All of it sediment, brittle rock formed under pressure, deposited by rivers and glaciers. Rippling waves did the rest, further flattening the ground. Millions of years ago, this archipelago drifted away from the equator where it was a swampy place inhabited by dinosaurs. Layer after layer, formed without oxygen by heat and pressure, the inhospitable landscape now reveals its fossils. The footprint of 60-200 million years ago. We do find some nice fossils; the ground is sometimes littered with them. Deeper into the mountains, the thick layers of vegetation have been transformed into high-quality coal: the origin of today's mining town of Longyea...